Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) ikemikari yemakemikari yakawana kutarisisa kwakakosha mumunda weorganic chemistry.Imunyu unowanzoshandiswa sechikamu chekufambisa.Iyo yakasarudzika zvimiro zveTBAI inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune akawanda marudzi emakemikari reactions, asi chii chiri kuseri kwekuita uku?
TBAI inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kuendesa maion pakati pezvikamu zvisingaite.Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kugonesa maitiro kuti aitike pakati pemakomponi angazotadza kupindirana.TBAI inonyanya kubatsira mukuita kunosanganisira halides, senge iodides, nekuti inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwavo muorganic solvents uku vachichengetedza yavo ionic.
Imwe yeanowanzo shandiswa yeTBAI iri mune synthesis ye organic komisheni.Kana TBAI ichiwedzerwa kune maviri-phase reaction system, inogona kukurudzira kuendeswa kweanion pakati pezvikamu, zvichiita kuti maitiro aitike izvo zvingave zvisingagoneke pasina kushandiswa kweiyo catalyst.Semuenzaniso, TBAI yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe nitriles isina unsaturated nekuita kweketoni ne sodium cyanide pamberi pekugadzirisa.
Iyo meshini yeTBAI-catalyzed reactions inoenderana nekufambisa kweiyo catalyst pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi.Kunyungudika kweTBAI muorganic solvents kwakakosha pakubudirira kwayo secatalyst nekuti inobvumira iyo catalyst kutora chikamu mukuita ichisara muchikamu cheorganic.Iyo reaction mechanism inogona kupfupikiswa seizvi:
1. Kuparara kweTBAImuchikamu chemvura
2. Kuendeswa kweTBAI kune organic phase
3. Kuita kweTBAI neiyo organic substrate kuumba yepakati
4. Kuendeswa kwepakati kune chikamu chemvura
5. Kuita kwepakati neaqueous reactant kuti ibudise chigadzirwa chaunoda
Kubudirira kweTBAI sechinhu chinokonzeresa kunokonzerwa nekukwanisa kwayo kusarudzika kuendesa maion muzvikamu zviviri izvi, ichichengetedza hunhu hwavo hweionic.Izvi zvinowanikwa neiyo yakakwira lipophilicity yealkyl mapoka eTBAI molecule inopa hydrophobic nhovo yakatenderedza cationic moiety.Ichi chimiro cheTBAI chinopa kugadzikana kune anotamiswa ions uye inoita kuti maitiro aenderere mberi nemazvo.
Pamusoro pekushandisa synthesis, TBAI yakashandiswa zvakare mune akasiyana mamwe maitiro emakemikari.Semuenzaniso, yakashandiswa mukugadzira amides, amidine, uye urea zvinobva kune.TBAI yakashandiswawo mukuita kunosanganisira kuumbwa kwekabhoni-carbon bonds kana kubviswa kwemapoka anoshanda akadai sehalogens.
Mukupedzisa, nzira yeTBAI-catalyzed reactions inobva pakuendeswa kweion pakati pezvikamu zvisingagoneki, izvo zvinogoneswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeTBAI molecule.Nekusimudzira kuita pakati pemakomponi angangove anert, TBAI yave chishandiso chakakosha chemakemikari ekugadzira munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.Kushanda kwayo uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti ive yekuenda-kune catalyst kune avo vari kutsvaga kuwedzera makemikari avo ekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: May-10-2023